swing
vt.& vi.（使）摇摆；（使）摇荡
n.摇摆，摆动；摆程，振幅；秋千；音律
vt.使旋转；使做曲线运动；挥舞；悬吊
vi.悬摆；迅速打击；侧转，转弯；轻快摇摆地走
不是特别适合来做名字，虽然发音很好听，可能wing还适合些。因为swing它是一个有动作的词语，作为名字不是很好。还有就是一般都是英语名字不会用这种实意名词。
1) common “普通的”，“平常的”，“共有的”，指从质量或品德上无特殊，显眼或杰出之处，因而是大多数人或事物所具有的，常见的。
It’s an error quite common among schools.
This flower is common in spring.
2) ordinary 指符合一般或常规事物标准或相同的规格，因而只具有普通的特性。例如：
Although he is rich, he is always in ordinary dress.
common与ordinary基本同义，强调“平凡的，普通的”，表示随时可以碰到，不值得惊奇。如：
an ordinary ( a common) event 常有的事情
an ordinary (a common0 person 一个普通的人
3) normal 表示“正常的，常态的，正规的”，相对于非正常而言。例如：
Do you know the normal temperature of the human body.
His growth is normal for that age.
4) usual 通常与人的行为习惯有关，含义为“惯常的，通例的”。例如：
Tea is considered to be the usual drink of British people.
He arrived later than usual.
Common 用于是通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的：
a common problem;
共同的问题；
a common thief;
普通的小偷；
the common dandelion. The term also suggests lack of distinction and can imply coarseness or crudeness:
普通的蒲公英。 此词条也暗示缺乏区别并能意指粗劣或未加工：
drank wine of the commonest sort;
最为普遍的饮用葡萄酒；
had a very common look about him.
他有着很普通的外表。
Ordinary
describes what is of the usual kind and is not distinguished in any way
from others. In the latter sense it is sometimes derogatory:
Ordinary 指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的。在后一意义上，它有时是贬义的：
A ballpoint pen is adequate for most ordinary purposes.
原珠笔适合最普通的用途。
The violinist g***e a very ordinary performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.
小提琴手因偶然记忆失误表现很平常。
Normal stresses adherence to an established standard, model, or pattern:
Normal 强调符合已建立的标准、模型或方式：
normal body temperature;
正常体温；
normal curiosity.
正常的好奇心。
Yao Beina was born in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in September 26, 1981.She graduated from China Conservatory of Music.She is Chinese pop singer, the young singer, director of the association of Chinese literary volunteers, Chinese People Liberation Army N***y Political Department chorus of original solo performer。
Many of his songs, we for h***ing heard it many times。For example, the red hook,let it go and so on.
She is not only talented, beautiful,but also selfless, kind.Because her cornea has successfully treated 3 people
She is the angel in my heart, we will always remember her。
插入语（parenthesis）在英语中属于独立成分，它起着对一句话进行附加解释或说明的作用。它们中绝大部分可位于句首、句中或句末，并用逗号与其它成分隔开，其行文非常美观。试比较：1）I guess the newcomer must be Mr. Andrew. 2）The newcomer , I guess, must be Mr. Andrew.很显然，同一意思，第一句将I guess置于句首引导宾语从句，结构紧密；第2)句将I guess作为插入语置于句中，阅读起来有停顿和缓冲，其美感比第一句更强。 1.固定短句作插入语 I say, as it were(似乎，可以说是，在一定程度上) ，as it is(照现状，看样子) I dare say, I think, I believe, I suppose, I guess, it seems to me, what’s more（=besides=moreover）(而且), that is , that is to say, I’m sure, I’m afraid, it seems to me ,as far as I can judge(据我判断) 。as we all know= as is well known to us all ( 众所周知)，as you know, as has been announced (正如所宣布的那样) 等句式既可称插入语，也可称非限制性定语从句。 2.固定词组作插入语first of all（首先），believe it or not(信不信由你)，all the same(尽管如此),no wonder（难怪，不足为奇），sure enough(果然)，more important of all(最重要的是)，even so (即即便如此，虽然如此),most important of all(最重要的是)， 3.固定的不定式短语作插入语在现代英语中，有些固定的不定式短语已完全被作为插入语使用.它们在句中与句子的主语间已不存在逻辑上的主、谓关系。这些词有：to tell(you)the truth (老实说) , to make a long story short(长话短说)，to be frank(坦白地说)，to put it mildly (说得婉转些)，to conclude (总之)，to be sure(确实)，to sum up (总之)，to be fair(说句公道话)，to be honest(坦诚地说)，to be more exact(确切地说)，strange to say (说来奇怪)，to be precise(确切地说)，so to speak＝so to say (可以说，打个比方说)，to begin with= to start with (首先), to be exact (确切的说)，needless to say(不用说)， 4.固定介词短语作插入语 For example=for instance, in particular(尤其，特别) ，in summary=to sum up=in general（一般说来，总的说来）by the way（顺便说）, in short(简言之)，in other words (换句话说)，in fact =as a matter of fact(事实上)，as usual (通常，向往常一样)，above all(首先)，on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面…)，on the contrary（相反），as a result =as a consequence(因此；结果)，in short=in brief(简言之),in one’s opinion(在某人看来)，of course(当然), as a whole(总体上)，in the meantime/meanwhile(在此期间,同时), In a word= in conclusion=in total(总之), in addition(此外), to one’s surprise/dis***ointment/joy/satisfaction/relief/delight/astonishment...;in that case (在那种情况下,要是那样的话) 5.固定分词短语作插入语 owning to…(由于……), generally speaking(一般说来)，frankly speaking(坦率的说)，roughly speaking(粗略的说),providing that…(***定……)，compared (to)with… (与…相比)，judging from/by…(从…判断)，considering… (考虑到…)，talking of/speaking of…(说起…)，supposing that…(***定……), according to…, including…, provided that(如果……)etc. 这些现在分词短语、过去分词短语已完全被作为插入语使用，它们在句中与句子的主语在逻辑上不存在主、被动关系。 6.固定副词或副词短语作插入语Personally(个人地), honestly(老实说)，surely(肯定地说)，strangely enough(说来奇怪；奇怪的是)，otherwise(否则)，besides(而且)，though(置于句末，作“可是、但是”讲,这时though 前常用一逗号)，however(然而), fortunately(***地是), unfortunately(不幸地是), briefly(暂时地，简要地), nevertheless(仍然，不然), still(还，仍更), luckily( to us)(***地是)，admittedly(公认地)，namely(即)，clearly(很显然)，h***ily(高兴的是)，surprisingly（惊奇的是）, altogether(总而言之)，anyway(无论如何，不管怎样) </B>
一模块8的单词详细用法
Module 8模块8 Time off 放***时间
Module task: Writinga leaflet for a trip
模块任务：为一次旅行写一个宣***
Unit1 I can hardly believe we are in the city centre.
第1单元，我几乎不能相信我们是在城市中心？
日期：2015年5月15日
1hardly
①（用于修正作出的陈述，表示不大可能）几乎不，几乎没有
I hardly know you.
我不太认识你。
Nick, on the sofa, hardly slept.
尼克在沙发上几乎没睡。
He was given hardly 24 hours to packhis bags.
只给了他不到24小时的时间来打点行装。
Their two faces were hardly more thaneigh*** inches apart.
他俩的脸相隔还不到18英寸。
②几乎不;几乎没有
I can hardly remember him at this distance of time.
时间隔得这么久,我已几乎记不得他了。
I could hardly wait to hear the news.
我迫不及待地要听这消息。
Hardly anyone slept that night.
那天晚上几乎没人睡觉。
③（用在否定句中构成双重否定，用于强调某事属实或经常发生）几乎不
Hardly a day goes by without a visitfrom someone.
几乎每天都有人来。
④（用于can之后，表示强调）很难
I can hardly believe it's been overeight years since you used to go camping at Cedar Creek.
我几乎无法相信现在距离你过去常常去松溪露营的日子已经有8年多了。
My garden was covered with so manybutterflies that I could hardly see the flowers.
我的花园里飞舞着很多蝴蝶，我几乎看不见花了。
⑤（表示两件事情紧接着发生）刚刚，才
He had hardly collected the papers onhis desk when the door burst open.
他刚收起桌上的文件，门就猛地开了。
Hardly had he returned to London when an anonymouswell-wisher called to say he was about to be raided by Customs & Excise.
他刚回到伦敦，就有一个不愿透露姓名的好心人打来电话说，他即将面临海关的突击检查。
⑥（表示希望听者或读者赞同自己）并不，丝毫不
We h***e not seen the letter, so we canhardly comment on it... 我们还没有看到这封信，所以无从发表意见。
It's hardly surprising his ideas didn'tcatch on..
他的想法没有被广泛接受，这并不足为奇。
The growth rate for 1980-89 was 2.2%.Hardly the stuff of economic miracles.
1980至1989年间的经济增长率是2.2%，算不上什么经济奇迹。
⑦（尤用于对不赞同的说法表示惊奇或不满）不可能，不会吧
'They all thought you were marvellous!'—'Well, hardly.'
“他们都认为你很棒！”“哦，不可能吧！”
'We could almost h***e seen it,' — 'Hardly, darling — in the dark and from a distance of agood hundred feet?'
“我们几乎都看到它了。”“不会吧，亲爱的——天那么黑，离得又至少有100英尺呢！”
hardly, scarcely, barely
这些副词均含“几乎不”之意。
hardly： 指接近最低限度，差不多没有多余，强调困难和程度。
scarcely： 指不太充分，不太够，不足，不能令人满意，强调数量。
barely： 指仅仅够，一点不多，强调没有多余。
这三个短语都可表示“一…就…”。其区别是：
1.as soon as可转化为no sooner...than或hardly...when结构。例如:
As soon as I heard the knock I opened the door.
No sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door.
Hardly had I heard the knock when I opened the door.
当我听到敲门声,我马上就开门了。
2.as soon as通常用于一般时态, no hardly...than和hardly...when通常用于过去完成时。例如:
As soon as you finish your job, let me know.
你一完成工作就告诉我一声。
No sooner had the doctor arrived than he began treating the sick.
医生一到马上就抢救病人。
I had hardly started when it began to rain.
我刚动身就下起雨来了。
这一对副词都有“几乎不”、“几乎没有”的否定意味，但涵义重心有细微的差异。
hardly:hardly强调“困难”，指程度而言，常用以修饰表示能力的词，与can、ever、any等词连用。
Hehardly knew what to say.
他简直不知道说什么才好。
Ican hardly believe that some socialites and dignitaries are involved insyndicated crime.
我简直不能相信，一些社会名流，达官政要竟然涉及集团罪行。
scarcely:scarcely强调“不足”，主要指数量而言，常与enough、sufficient、any或数词连用。
Whenhe played the piano he was scarcely four years old.
他懂得弹钢琴还不满四岁。
Thetram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you.
电车上十分拥挤，几乎没有你立足之地。
Atmidnight，scarcely any taxi could be found in thestreets.
***时分，街上几乎看不到一辆的士。
这组词意思相近，其区别是：
hardly常用来修饰表示能力的词; scarcely强调不足,常与enough, sufficient
等词连用; barely强调“勉强”。例如:
The enemy are so exhausted that they are hardly able to fight any longer.
敌人已经疲惫得简直不能再战了。
The field is so thickly grown with rice that there is scarcely sufficientroom for one to work in.
稻子长得很密,人们简直无法下田劳动了。
I h***e barely enough money to buy a cup of coffee.
我的钱刚好够买一杯咖啡。
hardly, hard
1.hard可作形容词或副词; 而hardly只能用作副词。
2.hard意指“坚硬”“痛苦的”“结实的”“艰难地”“困苦地”“费力地”“困难地”; 而hardly是“几乎不”“几乎没有”的意思。
He hardlyever goes to bed before eleven o'clock.
他很少在11点以前上床。
I had hardlyever gone out these days.
这些天我很少出去。
I h***ehardly ever seen her.
我几乎一直未看见她。
Hardly anybody came.
几乎没有人来。
He could hardly refrain himself.
他几乎不能自制。
The desert air contains hardly any moisture.
沙漠的空气几乎不含一点湿气。
He is so excited that he can hardly sleep.
他如此兴奋，几乎不能入睡。
She could hardly believe her ears.
她简直不能相信自己的耳朵。
My legs were so weak I could hardly stand.
我的腿软得简直不能站立。
Hardly had the game begunwhen it started raining.
比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来
2take up
①开始从事;喜欢上
When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language?
你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二语言?
He did not particularly want to take upa competitive sport.
他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。
He left a job in the City to take upfarming.
他辞去伦敦商业区的工作，开始务农。
Angela used to be a model and hasdecided to take it up again.
安杰拉以前当过***，现已决定重操旧业了。
②开始处理;讨论如何处理
Mr de Garis's MP, Max Madden, took up the case.
德加里斯先生的下议员马克斯·马登开始着手处理这个问题。
Most scientists who can presentevidence of an environmental threat can reasonably assume that a pressure groupwill take up the issue.
能够提供环境威胁证据的大多数科学家都有理由认为，环保团体不会放过这个问题。
Dr Mahathir intends to take up the proposalwith the prime minister.
马哈蒂尔博士打算和首相讨论这个提案。
③开始从事，开始干(工作)
He will take up his post as the head ofthe civil courts at the end of next month.
他将在下个月底就任民事法庭庭长一职。
④接受，答应(提议或挑战)
You should take up my suggestion andstart s***ing money.
你应该接受我的建议,开始存钱
I'd like to take up your offer of aride into town.
我愿接受你的邀请, 搭你的车进城。
Increasingly, more wine-makers aretaking up the challenge of growing Pinot Noir.
越来越多的酿酒商开始接受种植黑皮诺葡萄的挑战。
96 per cent of the eligible employeestook up the offer.
符合条件的雇员有 96% 接受了这个条件。
⑤占用，花费(时间、空间或精力)
I won't take up much of your time.
我不会占用你很多时间。
This thing takes up all my attention.
这件事占用我所有的注意力。
I know how busy you must be andnaturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time.
我知道您肯定特别忙，我当然不想占用您太多的时间。
The entire memo took up all of twopages.
整个备忘录写了满满两页纸。
A good deal of my time is taken up withreading critical essays and reviews.
我的大部分时间都用在阅读评论文章上了。
The aim was not to take up valuabletime with the usual boring pictures.
目的在于不要用常见的无聊占用宝贵时间。
⑥占领，占据，占有(位置、阵地)
They take up too much space.
它们占了太多空间。
When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language?
你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二语言?
He had taken up a position in thecentre of the room.
他占据了房间中心的位置。
UN peacekeeping forces are expected totake up positions along the border.
联合国维和部队估计会在边界线上就位。
⑦短语动词继续;把…接着进行下去
I put the telephone down and took up mywork again.
我放下电话继续干我的活。
Gerry's wife Jo takes up the story.
格里的妻子乔接着往下讲。
'No, no, no,' says Damon, taking upwhere D***e left off.
“不，不，不，”戴蒙说，然后从戴夫停下的地方接着说
She took up the narrativewhere John had left off.
她接着讲约翰未讲完的故事。
⑧拿起; 抱起
He took up telephone receiver and beganto dial.
他拿起电话听筒开始拨号码。
She takes up a child under each arm.
她一手抱起一个孩子。
She took up the receiverand began to dial the number.
她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。
3point out
①指点；指明
If you point out an object or place, you make people look at it or show them where it is.
如果你要给别人指明一件物品或者一个地方，你应该让他们看到它或者告诉他们它在哪儿。
They kept standing up to take picturesand point things out to each other.
他们不停地站起来拍照，还互相指点景物给对方看。
They'd already driven along the wharfso that she could point out her father's boat.
他们已经开车沿码头走了一遍，好让她指出哪艘是她父亲的船。
②指出，说出（事实或错误）
If you point out a fact or mistake, you tell someone about it or draw their attention to it.
如果你要指出一个实施或者错误，你应该告诉他们或者把他们的注意力吸引过来。
Critics point out that the prince, onhis income, should be paying tax.
批评家指出王子的收入应该纳税。
I should point out that these estimatescover just the hospital expenditures.
我应该指出，这些估算仅包括医院的费用。
We all too easily point out ourmothers' failings.
我们都太过轻易地指出母亲的缺点。
We must pointout it isn't realty that noerror.
我必须指出不犯错误是不现实的。
No matter who pointout our shortcoming, we willcorrect them.
不管谁指出我们的缺点，我们都改正。
I beg to pointout that your calculation iswrong.
请容许我冒昧地指出你的计算错误。
I think I should pointout that is not correct.
我认为我应该指出那是不对的
二重点短语和词组
1welcome to Beihai Park 欢迎来到北海公园
2write a leaflet for a trip 为一次旅行写一个宣***
3in the city centre 在城市中心
4choose the right answer 选择正确的回答
5choose to do sth 选择做某事情 作
6make a choice to do sth一个做某事情的选择
7hear about sth /*** 听说某人/某事情
8hear of something /somebody听说某人/某事情
9hear *** do sth 听见某人做了某事情
10hear *** doing sth听见某人正在做某事情 表示某人正在执行一个动作
11hear from 收到某人的来信，
12hear +从句听说..
13so +adj/adv+ that 如此…..以致于..
14hear the birds singing 听见鸟儿们正在唱歌
15be famous for 因/以..而著名
16the ancient buildings on the hill 山上的古代建筑物
17take up 占椐；时间/空间；从事于
18over half of the park area 公园一半以上面积
19walk along the lake 沿着这条湖行走
20cross the bridge 穿过桥
21climb up the hill 爬山
22point out the sights of Beijing foryou 为你指出北京的风景
23good idea 好主义/好想法
24it is fantastic to do sth 做某事情是极其好的
25It will be fantastic to see thecity from the city from the top
26look nice and cool 看起来漂亮起凉快
27why don’t we go for a swim? 我们为什么不在这里游泳呢
28allow *** to do sth 允许我们做某事情
29allow *** sth 允许某人有某物
30allow doing sth 允许做某事情
31allow for sth 考虑到，估计考虑到；将…计算在内；为…酌留余地
You h***e to allow for a certain amount oferror.
你必须将一定量的误差考虑在内。
The Agency's budget simply did not allowfor such a massive increase.
该机构的预算根本没有将如此大额的超支计算在内。
32allow of 容许， 允许
The regulation allows of no variation.
这规则不得改变。
The situation allows of no delay.
形势刻不容缓。
The river is too deep to allow of swimming.
河太深, 不能游泳。
33*** don’t think *** do sth 某人认为某人没有做某事情
34allow people to swim in the lake
35that is too bad 那太槽糕了
36h***e our picnic 进行我们的野餐
37why don’t h***e our picnic here ? 为什么我们不在这里野餐呢？
38I am hungry and thirsty 我很饿有口渴
39it is better to do sth 做某事情是更好的
40I think it is better to h***e ourpicnic at the top of the hill
我认为在山顶上野餐更好
41I think it better to h***e ourpicnic at the top of the hill
我认为在山顶上野餐更好
42at the top of 在..的顶部
43at the top of one’s voice用最大的嗓门
44at the bottom of 在..底部
45in the middle of 在..的中间
46on the top of 在..的上面
47come on 快点=hurry up
48Let’s not waste any more time 让我们不要在浪费时间
49It is a waste of time to do sth 做某事情是浪费时间
50waste time/money on sth 浪费时间/金钱在某事上
51waste time/money in doing sth 浪费时间/金钱做某事情
52I hope it will be cooler up there 我希望那里将会更凉快
53up there 在那里， （美）（非正式）在天上